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The basic understanding of an earthing protection system (diagram and...
As you already know, protective conductors are the main part of every earthing protection system, but the complexity of the system will increase with the requirements of information technology,...
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6 not-that-easy-to-understand terms related to a power transformer you should...
There are many terms related to the power transformer operation that can be easily visualized which are especially important for students, like for example transformer construction or regular working...
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Six MV/HV applications of series capacitors for improving the power quality
Series capacitors are connected in series in the circuit and therefore carry the full transmission line current. The series capacitor is actually a negative reactance in series with a transmission......
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How to determine power transformer impedance for calculation of short-circuit...
In order to calculate short-circuit currents, it is obligatory to know conductor-specific equivalent data and impedances of electrical operational equipment, which are usually given by the respective...
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Protection of a transformer directly connected to a transmission line without...
A transformer-feeder include a transformer directly connected to a transmission line circuit without the intermediation of a HV switchgear. The saving in HV switchgear so achieved is unfortunately...
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People response to short-term exposure to electric fields of AC transmission...
Short-term exposures to electric fields produced by AC transmission lines and stations can be pretty serious and may be classified according to the type of effect causing a sensation in... Read moreThe...
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5 ingredients that make SCADA operation delicious
To explain in very simple words, I would say that SCADA is a bunch of equipment that provides an operator at a remote location with sufficient information to determine the... Read moreThe post 5...
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6 steps for specifying IEC 61850 & substation automation requirements
It is not easy to read the IEC 61850 documents or to comprehend how the pieces all work together. When implementing systems as complex and as new as substation automation,... Read moreThe post 6 steps...
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Connections and working principles of three-phase distribution transformers
A three-phase service can be supplied by one three-phase transformer unit or by interconnecting three single-phase transformer units. One three-phase unit is smaller than an equivalent size bank...
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Where to start with design of electrical installation?
The power analysis must be always the at the very top of your tasks in design of an electrical installation. It will enable the source(s) to be sized according to... Read moreThe post Where to start...
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Inspection and maintenance of capacitor banks (recommended practices)
Capacitor banks generally require very little maintenance because they are static type of equipment, but don’t be fooled by this statement. Capacitors are well known for their dangerous reaction...
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How not to overspecify high voltage CTs and VTs
The installations wherein CTs and VTs are mounted to measure the normal and abnormal values of current and voltage, have many variations in key system parameters, including voltage class, insulation......
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Learn to recognize T&D pylons, foundations, insulators, cables, bushings and...
Recognizing the type of transmission & distribution pylons and their equipment is kind of hard if you don’t know where to look for. There are many variations that look similar... Read moreThe post...
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What is negative sequence current and how does it affect generator work
As you know, generators and motors are supposed to operate with balanced three-phase loading, but exposure to unbalanced currents is inevitable. Unbalances could arise from many different sources like...
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5 most important aspects of external protection against the effects of lightning
Analysis of the lightning risk takes numerous factors into consideration. This article will shed the light on one of factors – protection of the structures and its five most important... Read moreThe...
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Three essential features of automation in power distribution systems
One may wonder why are everybody talking more and more about automation in power distribution. Aren’t we already automated? Well, we are not. It can always be better, faster, with... Read moreThe post...
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Earthing facts and terms you should always remember
While working as an electrical engineer, there are a dozen things you must remember, especially the ones that concern the safety. Whether you are in the electrical design field or... Read moreThe post...
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Primary and secondary power distribution systems (layouts explained)
Primary distribution systems consist of feeders that deliver power from distribution substations to distribution transformers. A feeder usually begins with a feeder breaker at the distribution...
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Control house at HV/EHV switchyards and substations (construction, layout and...
Nowadays, the control house is one of the main parts in every modern HV switchyard and substation. Why? Simply, because substations have grown in complexity and equipment such as circuit... Read more...
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Pilot schemes for transmission line protection
Pilot schemes simultaneously measure and monitor system parameters at all terminals of a transmission line, local and remote, and then respond according to their predetermined functions. These schemes...
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