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Coordinating study in protection of utility supply line, transformer & plant...
The installation of a dedicated substation to serve a plant actually involves an interface between the utility and the plant. Close coordination between utility and plant personnel is essential so......
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Main components of a Gas Insulated Substation (GIS) you should know about
Gas insulated substations (GIS) use circuit breakers, disconnect switches and grounding switches, and have various means of indicating their position, either opened or closed, so the same as in AIS.......
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10 unbalance detection schemes for removing failed capacitor bank from the...
The main purpose of an unbalance detection scheme is to remove a capacitor bank from the system in the event of a failure and fuse operation. This will prevent damaging... Read moreThe post 10...
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Connection schematics of voltage transformers for protective applications
Voltage transformers would have primaries that are either connected directly to the power system (VTs) or across a section of a capacitor string connected between phase and ground (coupling...
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The Essentials Of Current Transformers In Power Circuits (Theory and Practice)
If the voltage or current in a power circuit are too high to connect measuring instruments or relays directly, coupling is made through transformers. Such measuring transformers are required to... Read...
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Protection Of The Power System Heart – The Generator
This technical article gives key points about the generator protection. To recover the generator from various kinds of faults, the generator protection scheme of the plant must be designed in such......
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The logic behind switchgear interlocking systems in substations
Switchgear interlocking is installed to protect both the equipment and the operator from dangerous situations caused by incorrect equipment operation. It can be categorized as operational interlocking...
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Typical utility-consumer interconnection configurations
The utility-consumer interconnection provides the path for power flow between supplier (utility) and user (consumer). The interconnection may comprise one or more circuits and is assumed to include...
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Protection scheme for remote private substation with small generator
Connections of private substations to utilities are made more complicated with the addition of private-owned generation facilities. The choice of relays and their placement must be made to ensure...
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The essence of LV circuit breakers – Releases, tripping curves,...
A circuit breaker is both a circuit-breaking device that can make, withstand and break currents whose intensity is at most equal to its rated current (In), and a protection device... Read moreThe post...
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The Essentials Of Voltage Transformers (Advanced Theory and Practice)
The most common voltage sources for power system measurements and protections are either wound transformers (voltage transformers) or capacitive divider devices (capacitor voltage transformers or...
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15 bad situations that may lead to catastrophic explosion of a capacitor bank
Some of the failure problems associated with capacitor banks are already known, since they happen often. A few of the failures are traceable to the original source and sometimes that... Read moreThe...
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Transformer pre-commissioning tests and after-receipt checks you MUST perform
Once oil filling is completed, various pre‐commissioning checks and tests are performed to ensure the healthiness of the transformer (or reactor) prior to its energization. Various electrical tests...
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Directional protection relays applied to multiple power sources, parallel...
Directional protection is usually applied to distribution systems that contain multiple power sources, parallel circuits and rings/loops. For such systems it is absolutely necessary to have protection...
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Well engineers, it’s about time… Happy New Year!
A short note from me today. I’d just like to wish you a very happy New Year on behalf of myself and everyone else at EEP. It’s been a long... Read moreThe post Well engineers, it’s about time… Happy...
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Analysis of faults in machine and transformer windings
The analysis of faults in synchronous machine and transformer windings presents a special difficulty because the effective impedances of the affected windings under internal fault conditions are not...
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Protection scheme for the substation with a single supply from the utility
The utility supply voltage depends on both availability and consumer requirements. The consumer transformer is connected delta on the high-voltage side and grounded wye on the low-voltage side. A...
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The basic things about substations you MUST know in the middle of the night!
To explain in very simple words, I would say that substation is a bunch of electrical devices gathered and connected in one place. On top are clever electrical devices who... Read moreThe post The...
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How to determine compensation of reactive power of an electrical installation
Improving the power factor of an electrical installation (compensation of reactive power) has many economic and technical advantages, but it’s not always easy to do so. There are numerous approaches......
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Sizing a MV generator circuit breaker (GCB) in terms of breaking capacity
The main function of a circuit breaker is to carry the rated current of the generator and break both the short-circuit current supplied by the generator and that supplied by... Read moreThe post Sizing...
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