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Power supply conceptual schemes for small, medium-sized and large industrial...
This technical article presents preferred system structures and power supply concepts for small, medium-sized and large industrial plants that meet the different requirements for power demand and...
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Principles and applications of busbar protection schemes (you SHOULD know about)
In olden days, the clearance of busbar faults was done by time delayed distance relays or overcurrent relays, resulting in extension of fault for longer duration of time. In present... Read more The...
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Reactive power compensation in electrical plants with generators
Compensation of reactive power applied in buildings or small facilities operates in the first and second quadrants of the coordinate system. Increasingly, complex industrial plants, for example plants...
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Lessons I learned during the start-up of an MV switchgear
In the world of electrical engineering, a term start up assumes all works which are necessary to be done for putting in operation already tested switchgear, as close as possible... Read more The post...
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The essentials of an automatic changeover systems in medium voltage networks
In medium voltage distribution networks, it is important to maintain a high level of reliability. Industry relies on the continuous operation of critical plant, which requires no or little...
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13 very important type tests of a low voltage switchgear carried out by the...
Certification of distribution assemblies is defined by international standard IEC 61439-1. This standard provides common rules that are recognized worldwide. Compliance with the standard is certified,...
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12 on-site checks to inspect the transformer’s health
On-site inspection of the substation transformer usually exposes important condition changes and it initiates various suspicions that need to be investigated in detail. As with any other substation...
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4 electrical quantities you MUST fully understand to select the right...
This the basic question, but it’s important to start from the scratch. Well, distribution transformers link the MV to the LV system and step down the electrical power to be... Read more The post 4...
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The wiring diagram and physical layout of the equipment inside the motor...
This article will provide a description of most important equipment and working principle of a real case motor control centre (MCC). That is an usual name for a switchboard with... Read more The post...
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Medium voltage soft starter for heavy-duty motor control (operation and...
A soft starter is an electronic motor controller used on three phase medium voltage squirrel cage induction motors. During motor starting, the soft starter controls the voltage or current supplied......
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5 substation building services that usually lack of proper design (and make...
This technical article introduces five main principles involved with substation control building and switchyard services that make a lot of troubles to substation crew if poorly designed. The article...
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HV/EHV substation switching configurations, control and protection functions
The demand for power is growing rapidly due to increased industrial activities almost all across the world. Various generating sets of large ratings are being set up to meet this... Read more The post...
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How can a PLC and VFD be used for pump control (power and control circuits)
For the last several decades, every engineering task related to process control is realized by the use of PLC (Programmable Logic Controller). If we are talking about induction motor control,... Read...
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Four special connections of current transformers in relay protection...
As you should already know, current transformers are used for metering and relay protection purposes. When we are talking about current transformers used for metering, their performance is of...
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Backup fault protection for generators in case of a failure at the generation...
It is a common practice to use the differential relay as primary fault protection for the generator. Backup fault protection is also highly recommended to protect the generator from the... Read more...
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Notes in preparation of an MV/LV substation civil drawings and construction...
MV/LV substations are not only a point of supply but also provide a means of network isolation in the event of faults or emergencies. In that manner, a detailed substation... Read more The post Notes...
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Why substation equipment fails and why it’s wise to think of that much before...
This technical article will try to shed some light on why and how electrical equipment fails and what’s happening before and during the failure of particular substation equipment like switchgear,......
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Where and why you should use thyristor switched reactive power compensation
Various aspects of reactive power compensation problems have already been mentioned in previous articles. However, because of consistency of this article, we will remind ourselves briefly on basic...
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The basics of fault protection for medium voltage motors
In principle, the protection of medium voltage motors is similar to low voltage motors, but the requirements are more demanding. Being closer to the utility source, medium-voltage motors are more......
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The analysis of MV/LV incoming supply configurations for large industrial plants
The metal-processing industry is an excellent example where you can find specific large industrial plants. Why specific? Maybe because in such plants, there are only a few individual large loads......
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