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SF6 or Vacuum MV Circuit Breaker In Specific Switching Applications
Matching the MV circuit breaker to the taskMany years of experience in developing both SF6 and vacuum medium-voltage circuit breakers has yielded up ample evidence that neither of the two technologies...
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4 Factors To Consider When Selecting a Sectionalizer
Distribution system protection //Sectionalizers are (beside overcurrent relays, reclosers and fuses) one of the most used for distribution system protection.A sectionalizer is a device that...
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Guidelines To Residential Room Lighting
Recommended illumination levels //Architects of development houses usually select the locations for switches, receptacles, and luminaires at a quality and price level determined by the builder....
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Voltage Drop Calculations For Engineers – Beginners
Voltage drop formulas //Voltage drop calculations using the DC-resistance formula are not always accurate for AC circuits, especially for those with a less-than-unity power factor or for those that use...
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Substation DC Auxiliary Supply – Battery And Charger Applications
DC voltage 110 V or 220 VPower substation can have one or several DC systems. Factors affecting the number of systems are the need of more than one voltage level and the need of duplicating...
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Analysis of pole-mounted MV/LV transformer grounding
MV/LV transformer grounding philosophy //Let’s discuss in some detail the reasons for the grounding philosophy adopted for pole-mounted MV/LV transformer substations illustrated in Figure 0.LV...
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Surge Protective Devices In TN Systems (Guide For Low Voltage Electricians)
Fault conditions //For “protection against electric shock under fault conditions“ in TN systems, overcurrent and residual current devices have been approved.For the use of surge protective devices...
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7 Energy-Efficiency Improvement Opportunities In Lighting System
Lighting in industrial facilitiesThere are a lot of opportunities to optimise lighting system in (almost) any industrial facility. Seven practical energy-efficiency opportunities to reduce energy use...
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Practical Considerations of Transformer Heat and Noise
Unwanted electrical effects //In addition to unwanted electrical effects, transformers may also exhibit undesirable physical effects, the most notable being the production of heat and noise.Transformer...
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7 Key Steps In Lighting Design Process
Structured Design Process //To achieve the best overall outcome in a lighting installation, it is important to avoid the tendency of rushing straight into luminaire selection before determining more...
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Resistance Measurement of Non-Conductive Walls and Floors
Electrically safe area //There are certain situations where it is desirable for a room to be totally isolated from the Protective Earth conductor (e.g. for conducting special tests in a laboratory...
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What parallel redundancy does to the power distribution system?
Increasing reliability //Redundancy is a useful method of increasing reliability and optimising the balance between operation effectiveness and expenditure. In the context of reliability, redundancy...
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10 Common Causes Of Arc-Flash and Other Electrical Accidents
Carelessness on top //The most common cause of Arc Flash and other electrical accidents is carelessness. No matter how well a person may be trained, distractions, weariness, pressure to restore power,...
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Comparison of Soft Starting and Frequency Converter Motor Starting
Soft startingA soft starter is, as you would expect, a device which ensures a soft starting of a motor.A softstarter has different characteristics to the other starting methods. It has thyristors in...
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Few Advices For Improving Integrity Of Protective Conductor
Earthing in a high leakage current environmentMost modern electronic equipment uses switched mode power supplies (SMPS) which draw pulses of current from the mains supply rather than a continuous...
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4 Steps To Follow During Commissioning of a PLC System
PLC programs are never final…Yes, PLC programs are never final, it is always possible to make corrections and subsequent adaptations to new system according the customer requirements. Even during...
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Selecting Wrong Sensor As a Mistake #1 In Instrumentation
Instrumentation issuesDespite ongoing advancements in measurement technology, instrumenting a process for feedback control remains a technical challenge. Today’s sensors are certainly more...
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5 Steps To Safely Shutdown a Large Generator
Removing generator from service //Normally, units are removed from service through operator initiation of distributed control system (DCS) commands or turbine trip buttons that shutdown the prime...
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6 Customer Requirements For a Generator Regarding Power Demand
Power Demand //To select an on-site engine/generator sets (gensets), you’ll need to determine the power demand requirements which must be met under operating conditions, of course.Let’s talk about six...
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SF6 or Vacuum MV Circuit Breaker In Specific Switching Applications
Matching the MV circuit breaker to the taskMany years of experience in developing both SF6 and vacuum medium-voltage circuit breakers has yielded up ample evidence that neither of the two technologies...
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