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Which type of residual current device (RCD) to use and when?
When and which Residual Current Device to use?Total earth loop impedanceWe know how (very) important the total earth loop impedance Zs is in the reduction of shock risk.However, in TT systems where the...
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8 steps to begin basic circuit design
8 steps to begin basic circuit design (original photo credit: powerswitchboards.com.au)How do we begin to design?What do we need to know? Clearly, plunging into calculations of cable size is of little...
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Overcoming barriers to renewable energy deployment
Overcoming barriers to renewable energy deployment (photo credit: nickmastrini via Flickr)Undeservedly second…Despite some gains in recent years, renewable energy sources make only a modest...
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Three Awesome HVDC projects in Australia
Three Awesome HVDC projects in Australia (photo credit: Peter Braig via brw.com.au)Modern HVDC systems combines the good experience of the old installations with recently developed technologies and...
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5 Technologies to Boost Efficiency in the T&D System
Improving Efficiency in the T&D System (photo credit: ABB Inc.; High voltage direct current valve hall)Energy Efficiency in Power SystemOne example of efficiency measures aimed primarily at the...
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Offshore Floating Wind Turbines to Reap Green Electricity
Offshore Floating Wind Turbines to Reap Green Electricity (photo credit: energyviewpoints.com)GenerationIn present day world, wind power has become one of the rapidly growing energy resources and have...
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How Best to Spend $450 Billion on Power Grid
How Best to Spend $450 Billion on Power Grid (photo credit: KM&G-Morris via Flickr)Power InfrastructureToday’s power grid is suffering from a backlog in capital investment. While electrical power...
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An example of calculating the technical losses of T&D lines
An example of calculating the technical losses of T&D lines (photo credit: paulhasenmeier.wordpress.com)Introduction to LossesThere are two types of losses in transmission and distribution...
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Purpose and Working Principle of Inductive Sensors
Purpose and Working Principle of Inductive Sensors (on photo: Omron 5mm 6-36VDC inductive proximity sensor switch PNP NC)Inductive sensors use currents induced by magnetic fields to detect nearby metal...
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What affects the operating temperature within LV switchgear
What affects the operating temperature within LV switchgearMaximum ambient conditionBS EN 60439 states a maximum indoor ambient temperature of 40ºC, a maximum daily average of 35ºC and a minimum...
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9 typical issues addressed in a T&D network planning project
9 typical issues addressed in a T&D network planning project (photo credit: thehindu.com)Network planningTransmission and distribution network planning projects are highly individual, because in...
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Earthing (grounding) transformer – Voltages during a ground fault
Earthing (grounding) transformer – Voltages during a ground fault (On photo: Neutral Grounding Transformers that offer protection from fault current damaging transformer and generator systems; Photo...
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10 Strategies for Automation and Production Systems
10 Strategies for Automation and Production Systems (on photo: Control and automation panel for servo motors – by Schneider Electric)Understand, simplify and automate the processFollowing the USA...
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Effects of Speed Variation on Rotodynamic Pumps
Effects of Speed Variation on Rotodynamic PumpsVarying the rotational speedA rotodynamic pump is a dynamic device with the head generated by a rotating impeller. Thus, there is a relationship between...
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An example of calculating transformer size and voltage drop due to starting...
Medium-voltage motor starting transformer (man. J. Schneider Elektrotechnik; photo credit: DirectIndustry)ExampleLet’s calculate voltage drop in transformer 1000KVA, 11/0.480 kV, impedance 5.75% due to...
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Case study – Improper grounding practice of computers in buildings
Case study – Improper grounding practice of computers in buildings (photo credit: fibe.rs)Effect of isolated groundingProblemIn a large office complex, computer errors including system crashes/reboots...
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The most common accessories you can find on oil filled transformer
The most common accessories you can find on oil filled transformerAccessoriesEvery oil filled transformer has a variety of accessories for different purposes. Here, I’ll try to name the most common of...
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Instrument transformers (CTs, VTs) in the system
Instrument transformers from ABBThree main tasks of CTs and VTsThe three main tasks of instrument transformers are:To transform currents or voltages from a usually high value to a value easy to handle...
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Arriving at the scene of a pole fire. What to do?
Arriving at the scene of a pole fire. What to do?When failure occurs…Utility pole fires are common and should be treated with great respect by firefighters. Pole fires are normally caused by the...
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The role of medium voltage switchgear in power system
The role of medium voltage switchgear in power system by SIEMENSIntroductionAccording to international rules, there are only two voltage levels:Low voltage: up to and including 1 kV AC (or 1,500 V...
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