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Qatar General Electricity and Water Corporation – Recommendations for Safety...
Qatar General Electricity and Water Corporation (Kahramaa) has awarded Leighton Contracting Qatar, a subsidiary of Australia’s HLG, the contract to carry out the work at Al Duhail and Umm Qarn...
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Definition of Harmonics and Their Origin
Definition of harmonics and their originDistortion of a sinusoidal signalThe Fourier theorem states that all non-sinusoidal periodic functions can be represented as the sum of terms (i.e. a series)...
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Differences between Shunt Reactor and Power Transformer
Differences between Shunt Reactor and Power TransformerMain Differences Shunt Reactor and Transformer both appear similar in construction. Reactors are also often equipped with Fans for cooling...
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Design of Overhead Transmission Line Foundation
Design of Overhead Transmission Line FoundationGeneralThe foundation is the name given to the system which transfers to the ground the various steady state (dead) and variable (live) loads developed...
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Purpose of Equipotential Bonding
Purpose of Equipotential bonding Equipotential bonding is essentially an electrical connection maintaining various exposed conductive parts and extraneous conductive parts at substantially the same...
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Introduction to Static Protection Relays
The RSR-72 type relay for re-start and reacceleration is deigned to perform the automatic motor restarting, after control and protection device opening, as a consequence of a momentary line voltage...
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Surge Protection of Electronic Equipment
Surge Protection of Electronic EquipmentIntroductionGenerally, power circuits have components that have large thermal capacities, which make it impossible for them to attain very high temperatures...
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Testing and Commissioning of Metal-Clad Switchgear
Distribution substation - 20/04kV MCset metal-clad switchgear (Schneider Electric) Electrical testing and commissioning of Metal-Clad switchgear is essential to the safe start for the first time,...
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Inspection of Ground-Fault Protection Systems
Inspection of Ground-Fault Protection SystemsThe role and functions of Ground Fault ProtectionThis type of protection is defined by the NEC (National Electrical Code) to ensure protection against fire...
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How are sensitive circuits affected by noise?
How are sensitive circuits affected by noise? (photo by Jim Hartland at Flickr)IntroductionNoise is only important if it is measured in relation to the communication signal, which carries the data or...
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Right Choice of Dry Type or Liquid-Filled Transformer
Right Choice of Dry Type or Liquid-Filled Transformer (on photo Dynapower Corporation transformers)Content1. Two Types of Transformers 2. Cooling and insulating system 3. Losses 4. Operating Life of...
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Designing of HV Power Substation and Layout
Designing of High Voltage Power Substation and Layout (photo by Noritaka Tasho @ Flickr)ContentIntroductionEarthing and BondingSubstation Earthing Calculation Methodology (Earthing Materials)Layout of...
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Definitions of Abnormal Voltage Conditions
Definitions of Abnormal Voltage Conditions (Sag, Swell, Surge and Interruption)SagA sag is a temporary reduction in the normal AC voltage.A momentary sag is a variation, which lasts for a period of...
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Dry Transformer Percent Impedance Definition
Dry Transformer Percent Impedance Definition (on photo dry type transformer by Engineering company B&S, Ukraine)IntroductionThe percent impedance is the percent voltage required to circulate rated...
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Basic Steps In PLC Programming
Basic Steps In PLC Programming (photo by ProWest Engineering) The first step in developing a control program is the definition of the control task. The control task specifies what needs to be done and...
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How to Protect Capacitor Banks?
How to Protect Capacitor Banks?IntroductionCapacitor banks are used to compensate for reactive energy absorbed by electrical system loads, and sometimes to make up filters to reduce harmonic...
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Disturbances In LV Networks Due To Surges
Disturbances Due To SurgesIntroductionThere are two types of surge: those generated by a lightning impact and those resulting from electrical switchgear switching operations. Surges resulting from...
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Overcurrent Protection of Transformer (NEC 450.3)
Overcurrent Protection of Transformer (NEC 450.3) - Photo by Efrem Oshinsky @ FlickrContentIntroductionOvercurrent protection of transformers >600V (NEC450.3A)Unsupervised location of transformer...
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Fire-Fighting Precautions in Power Substation
The heat from failed capacitor bank completely destroyed the attached main incomer 400 volt switchboard for a very large shopping mall and spread the fire around substation. The radiant heat from this...
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Safety Clearance Recommendations for Electrical Panel
Safety Clearance Recommendations for Electrical PanelClearance TablesWorking Space around Indoor Panel/Circuit Board (NES 312.2)Clearance around an Indoor electrical panel (NEC 110.26)Clearance for...
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