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4 Test Instruments Most Frequently Used By Electricians
Testing an electrical installation // The test instruments and test leads used by the electrician for testing an electrical installation must meet all the requirements of the relevant regulations. The...
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8 Actions to Improve Energy Efficiency In Heating Systems
Energy efficiency of heating systems In many buildings, HVAC is the first or second item in terms of energy costs. This technical article deals with optimisation tips and energy efficiency savings in...
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How electricans test continuity of protective conductors
Testing protective conductors For all protective conductors, including main and supplementary bonding conductors, electricians must perform continuity test using a low-reading ohmmeter. For main...
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When You Ground Ungrounded System With Grounding Transformer
Wye-Zigzag Grounding Transformer The common grounding assumes a wye-connected neutral to ground. As this is not always the case, and in some cases it is not a three-phase system that it is desired to...
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Harmonics. What are they? What do they do?
What are harmonics? The harmonics allow to represent any periodic waveform. In fact, according to Fourier’s theorem, any periodic function of a period T may be represented as a summation of: A sinusoid...
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Guidelines For Installing Power Transformers
Operation of power transformers // When your transformer arrives on site, various procedures should be carried out to assure successful operation (installation, testing and various checkings). The...
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DC Testing Methods Conducted On Solid Insulation
DC Testing Methods // Let’s take a look at the two important tests that are conducted with DC voltage. Two tests can be conducted on solid insulation using following DC testing methods // Insulation...
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Arc Flash Hazard Calculation In 9 Steps Using IEEE 1584
Arc Flash Hazard – Safe practices The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) published the IEEE 1584 “Guide for Performing Arc Flash Hazard Calculations”. It contains detailed methods...
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5 Means Of Identifying Grounded Conductors (By NEC 200 Article)
Determining grounded conductors // NEC 200 Latest NEC requirements state at least five means of identifying grounded conductors. So, let’s go through each of them // Sizes 6 AWG or smaller Sizes 4 AWG...
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When a 3-phase motor expirience phase failure, what a mess…
Phase failure // A phase failure is an interruption of a single conductor. The motor then continues running with two phases and can suffer damage. The cause is, for example, blown fuse. Small to medium...
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Reactive Power and Compensation Solution Basics For Students
Why we don’t like reactive power The total power, the so-called apparent power, of a transmission network is composed of active and reactive power (Figure 1). While the power consumers connected into...
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Why modern buildings MUST have energy metering and monitoring system
Greater energy metering and efficiency The first step to greater efficiency through energy metering and monitoring is to set objectives for the future system. Ideally, users of the system are involved...
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Practical Considerations Of Transformer Inrush Current
Inrush current phenomenon When a transformer is initially connected to a source of AC voltage, there may be a substantial surge of current through the primary winding called inrush current. This is...
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What size of a frequency converter do I need? (4 methods to find out)
Frequency converter (FC) rating When determining the rating of a frequency converter at a given load the first step is to consider the load characteristics. There are four different methods for...
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How to determine the best location for earth electrode
Low-resistance earth electrode and soil A good, low-resistance earth electrode depends upon a low-resistivity soil in a spot where you can drive in your electrodes. There are two approaches to picking...
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3 Common Misconceptions Regarding Automatic Transfer Systems
Automatic transfer systems Several common misconceptions regarding automatic transfer systems exist. Three of these are addressed here // I need a complex automatic transfer scheme at every voltage...
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The Basics Of Molded Case Circuit Breakers You MUST Know
Molded Case Circuit Breakers (MCCB) // Molded case circuit breakers are interrupting devices with self-contained, current-responsive elements. These breakers are assembled as an integral unit in a...
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Regular Motor Maintenance To Avoid Failure (and Prolong Its Lifespan)
Motor maintenance // A well and carefully designed motor maintenance program, when correctly used, can be summed up as // Preventive maintenance, Predictive maintenance and Reactive maintenance...
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Things you MUST verify when designing low voltage switchgear
Low voltage switchgear Low voltage switchgear and distribution boards form the link between the equipment for the generation (generators), transmission (cables, overhead lines) and transformation...
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Practical Considerations of LV/MV Private Substations
Private substations Private substations can often be considered as terminal type substations, i.e. substations where the MV line ends at the point of installation of the substation itself. They belong...
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